On Labels, Being Transgender and the Importance of a Name

“As if in order to gain mastery over it in reality, it had first been necessary to subjugate it at the level of language, control its free circulation in speech, expunge it from the things that were said and extinguish the words that rendered it too visibly present.”

- Michel Foucault The History of Sex: An Introduction Volume I

As human creatures we like to label things. The word ‘word’ is a label just as the world ‘label’ is a label. Even now as I write this, I focus so hard on the things themselves that I see past what they’re supposed to be, and by that I mean that ‘label’ ceases to look like a word – and of course to anyone who doesn’t read English, ‘label’ may very well not be a word – nor word – but that does not mean that the concept does not exist. Anyone in the world can understand as well as I do the concepts behind ‘word’ and ‘label.’ Those concepts being hard enough to explain that I’m tempted to reach for a dictionary as I write this – what is a word?

I don’t want to say it is the simplest form of speech, but even that would require a visit with the dictionary – does one have to speak a word for it to be speech? Then in what category are sounds, screams, grunts, groans, moans and the like placed in?

Labels are a necessary part of the human experience – we communicate visually and audibly, using labels – we have labels for the things we taste, touch and smell – and yet some will argue that labels are unnecessary. A doctor, carrying the labels of doctor, will speak against labels, labels I hold dear to my person, labels such as ‘Transgender’ and ‘Lesbian’. The question is asked, why would I want to define myself by these labels? Why would I want to limit myself by them, and this causes me to be confused. I would hope the doctor would not feel limited by their label of doctor – for surely such a title, such a label, is so grandly achieved.

Therein may lay the counter arguments I face – that ‘doctor’ is no mere label, but a title, earned and bestowed, not some identity or orientation you’re born with. I would have to agree that ‘doctor’ is a title and with respect agree that it is in fact earned and bestowed, yet, as a writer, I’d also have to suggest that titles are labels that are used to communicate with an audience a broader meaning in a succinct manner – but in doing so I realize, and thusly argue, that ‘title’ and ‘label’ are the same thing.

It is because our words and labels are thusly clattered with such similarities that we as a species can end up with such confusion. We are left defining word after endless word as we try to grasp for an understanding of this abstract cosmos we live in. Labels are necessary, I argue, but not as an end, no, not even as a means to an end – for communication is not the end, not so much as expression, ideas and sense of self are not included in this definition of communication.

This is why I find it perplexing when it is suggested to me that I am defining or limiting myself by embracing labels, especially ones which pertain to me. Let us look at some of the ways it is so supposed that I am defining or limiting myself:

The fault of other’s perceptions: It has been suggested that I will hinder myself if I affix to myself such labels as ‘lesbian’ or ‘transgender’. This argument rests on an odd idea that I have often seen prevalent in society – one that society has often used to oppress me – that I am to kowtow to others and only express myself in ways that are comfortable for others to perceive.

If one were to argue that if it were easier for me to change my expression then to correct and address others perceptions – then I’d have to agree – but I will not sit by watching the casualties of ‘majority opinion’ pile up, silently. No one should be punished or repressed because of the perceptions or opinions of others. Education is my first argument equality in the form of toleration is my second, but never will I agree that anyone should be hindered because the perceptions of others could cause them harm.

We need to change society for the better – why pull up and dispose of the sunflowers for the betterment of so many dandelions? (Author’s Note: The use of the dandelion is for imagery purposes – as dandelions and sunflowers hold certain similarities. Never is it my intention to suggest anyone is a ‘weed’ especially with the negative connotation attributed to weeds, even visually pleasing ones such as dandelions. In fact I wasn’t even sure a dandelion was a weed until I did a web search for verification.)

Now on to the second argument people sometimes make, called the ‘human’ argument. Which is as follows, “Why put labels on yourself? Why label yourself? I see you simply as human.” Without alluding to any of my other writings involving my level of spirituality and my opinions on the greatness of an individual, I’ll simply point out that ‘human’ is another label and one that feels personally, simultaneously limiting and also rather overwhelming, when you consider the entirety of human history and current socialization. But is is with the label of human that we tend to do what I’m suggesting we do with all labels – use it not as a finishing line, but as a launch pad – use it not to limit ourselves, but to communicate ourselves. Behind the label ‘human’ is an idea – or rather countless ideas – an entire history accompanied with philosophical ponderings and scientific discoveries. Two people do not have to agree on what a human is, was, or should be – and both could be correct.

This is all true for labels such as ‘Transgender’ and ‘Lesbian’. One individual may feel that ‘lesbian’ is a label that connotates sexual relationships between two women. Another individual may believe that ‘lesbian’ is a label that connotates romantic relationships between two women. Both are and could be correct. A woman could be a homosexual or a homoromantic, or both, but any one perception of the label ‘lesbian’ does not limit or hinder an individual except in the way that others attempt to oppress that individual based on their perceptions.

Anyone who would blame the oppressed for taking on the label, instead of the oppressor, for having faulty perceptions and forcing them upon people, may very well be considered a majoritarian apologist.

Similarly one may feel that ‘Transgender’ is a label that connotates hormone therapy while another feels that ‘Transgender’ is a label that connotates sexual reassignment surgery – still further more one may perceive ‘Transgender’ to be a label that suggests androgyny – or that the label of ‘Transgender’ has nothing at all to do with hormone therapy or sexual reassignment surgery – and all would be absolutely correct.

I imagine that by this point those who have so far agreed with me are curious now, how to apply all of this to personal relationships – without forcing our perceptions of certain labels onto our friends and colleagues, how do we better understand how they mean the labels they put upon themselves? Sometimes all one needs to do is simply ask, but in the case that asking makes the asker or the askee uncomfortable, the asker may have to deal with the uncomfortable sensation of not knowing, which many times is argued as unfair, for we as humans detest not knowing – but if as the asker you feel uncomfortable in your uncertainty, imagine then how the askee may be feeling in theirs.

This again is why I suggest that labels are launch pads. As humans we desire for a place to belong, and as we trip and stumble through the journey of trying to find and understand our individual identity, it can be these labels which give us safe haven during the moments when the road becomes most treacherous.

And it is in my chosen name that I find the greatest strength, for individual names may be the greatest label of all. Names tend to be a source of pride, along with being an identifier. You often hear of the common dream of one seeing their name ‘up in lights.’

And indeed, I would argue that a sense of identity can hardly be formed without labels, without names, without launch pads.

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The Many Voices of Language

Ester Grace

Language is a strange construct. It is relative, fluid and the essence of dynamic. Yet language governs our lives in ways so cemented into our subconscious that we often deny its power over us. Language is weaponized to assault our values, our goals and our entire sense of self while we wallow in untroubled complacency. We have no defense against the way we communicate with others and with ourselves.

But language is beautiful. It unites us across time, geography and culture. It is inextricably entwined with the breath of life. It is both the single string that weaves humanity together and the razor that shears us apart.

Now evident is the integral role that language plays in the marginalization of minority groups. The most obvious example is looking at the gender disparity when gauging acceptable levels of promiscuity. There is plenty of colorful and often tasteless language available to describe women who are sexually liberated. For examples, visit your local high school. But when it comes to describing promiscuity in men, the language simply does not exist. And when it does, it is a conjugation of the language established to admonish women. (Read: man-whore.)

This concept also lends itself to the marginalization of gay and lesbian relationships. But here the threat is dual-natured; not only is there an absence of language to describe the milestones in a gay or lesbian relationship (such as losing one’s virginity, because how do lesbians have sex anyway?) but there is the constant differentiation between activities heterosexuals engage in versus the activities their gay peers engage in. (Read: gay marriage, gay adoption.)

Perhaps the most dire abuse of language is directed, albeit often unintentionally, to those of the transgender community. The formulation of identity is difficult enough when the language is provided. But all the language used to describe transgender identity has roots in the movement itself. It is still in early ages of development, a fragile fledgling thrust into a precise, dichotomous and overly simplistic dialect.

And language manipulates. When corporations began to market bottled water as early as 1977, specific words were employed repeatedly to implicitly state the lack of hygiene standards present in the municipal water system. Commercials emphasized statements such as “your clean water source” or “purest water quality.” After decades of these techniques, convincing the general public of the stringency of municipal water standards is one of the greatest tasks facing conservationists today. This subtle, quasi-brainwashing by selective use of language is utilized by politicians, lawyers, drug companies, anyone who stands to benefit from stealthily implanting an idea into the minds of the masses. In fact, there’s an entire industry based on the use of language to inadvertently state an idea; it’s called marketing.

As such a fundamental part of the human experience, it is quite incredible to recognize mere oscillations of sound waves dictate the behavior of an entire society.

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Today’s Feminism: A Brief Look at Third-Wave Feminism

Being the third part in a series on different feminisms. The second part was:‘No Longer a Second Sex: A Brief Look at Second-Wave Feminism

Beginning in the 1990s, after the end of second-wave feminism and the Feminist Sex Wars, third-wave feminism began with a mixture of disgruntled and unsure feminists and feminists born into a world where feminism had always existed. Third-wave feminism began in a world with punk rock, and thus carved out the safe space of Riot Grrrl. Third-wave feminism may be the most diverse and individualistic feminist wave to date.

The movement of third-wave feminism focused less on laws and the political process and more on individual identity. The movement of third-wave feminism is said to have arisen out of the realization that women are of many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions and cultural backgrounds.

With this wave of feminism what can be seen is a desire to challenge or avoid the assumption that there is a universal female identity and over-emphasizing of the experience of the upper-middle class white woman. Cherrie Morago and Gloria E. Anzaldua in books such as This Bridge Called My Back and All the Women Are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women’s Studies critiqued second-wave feminism for its focus primarily on the problems and political positions of white women.

Proponents of third-wave feminism claim that it allows women to define feminism for themselves by incorporating their own identities into their belief system of what feminism is and what it can become.

Having the successes of the first two waves of feminism – the right to vote, the right to work, a greater right to one’s own body, a greater right to education – third-wave feminists felt a need for further changes in the stereotypes against women and in the media portrayals of women as well as in the language that is used to define women.

In this advocacy, feminists have argued that language has been used to create binaries (such as the male/female or heterosexual/homosexual binaries). Post-structuralist feminists see these binaries as artificial constructs created to maintain the power of dominant groups.

The roots of Intersectional Feminism can be said to be found in the roots of third-wave feminism, which usually incorporates elements of queer theory, anti-racism and women of color, as well as people of color, consciousness, womanism, girl power, post-colonial (anti-Imperialism) theory, postmodernism, transnationalism, cyber feminism, ecofeminism, individualist feminism, new feminist theory, Trans*gender politics and a rejection of the gender binary.

Another important part of this wave of feminism is sex-positivity, a celebration of sexuality as a positive aspect of life, with a broader definition of what sex means and what oppression and empowerment may imply in the context of sex. Though opinions of sex and sexuality are not universal. The Feminist Sex Wars split feminists on the issue of sex and sexuality. Split into the anti-porn and sex positive factions respectfully, these two factions disagreed on sexuality, pornography and other forms of equal representation, prostitution, the role of trans*women in the lesbian community as well as lesbian sexual practices and BDSM.
The anti-pornography faction argued that, “Pederasty, pornography, sadomasochism and public sex” were about “exploitation, violence or invasion of privacy” and not “sexual preference or orientation.”

Meanwhile, the sex positive faction promotes personal, individualized views on the gender-related issues focused on during the feminist sex wars, such as prostitution, pornography, and sadomasochism. Additionally, many third-wave feminists challenge existing beliefs that participants in pornography and sex work are always being exploited.

It has been suggested to both factions that rather than pass personal judgment of sexual acts, each feminist camp should recognize the plasticity of sexual meaning. It is argued that this would enable the feminist movement through shared education and mutual respect, to benefit from a greater comprehension of the diverse sexual preferences that exist.

Further, third-wave feminists want to transform the traditional notions of sexuality and embrace ‘an exploration of women’s feelings about sexuality that includes vagina-centered topics as diverse as orgasm, birth and rape.’ Baumgardner and Richards, authors of Manifesta wrote, “It is not feminism’s goal to control any woman’s fertility, only to free each woman to control her own.”

Some feminists prefer to change the connotations of a word or words that are sexist rather than censor it from speech. This idea of changing the connotation of a word inspired the first SlutWalk in Toronto, Canada in 2011 in response to a Toronto police officer who stated, “Women should avoid dressing like sluts in order not to be victimized.”

As discussed in the second part of this series, “No Longer a Second Sex”, third wave feminists are not finished fighting political battles, they face continuing pay inequality, a glass ceiling, sexual harassment, unfair maternity leave policies, a lack of support for single mothers by means such as welfare and child care and a lack of respect for working mothers and mothers who decide to leave their careers to raise their children full-time as well as restrictions to Supreme Court decisions such as Roe V. Wade (such restrictions come at the state and county levels and include restrictions such as mandatory waiting periods, parental consent laws and spousal consent laws).

Third Wave Direct Action Corporation was founded by American feminists Rebecca Walker and Shannon Liss as a multiracial, multicultural, multi-issue organization to support young activists. The organization’s initial mission was to fill a void in young women’s leadership and to mobilize young people to become more involved socially and politically in their communities.

To fully understand the past, present and future of feminism, as well as to reach a full understanding of intersectionality, this series will next begin looking at various individual feminisms, of which there are many.

Some Third-Wave Feminists of Note:

Joan W. Scott – “Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference: Or, the Uses of Poststructuralist Theory for Feminism”

Jennifer Baumgardner & Amy Richards – Manifesta

Rebecca Walker – To Be Real

Gloria Anzaldua & Cherrie Moraga – This Bridge Called My Back , All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women’s Studies

Elizabeth Wurtzel – Bitch: In Praise of Difficult Women

Susan Faludi – Backlash

Eve Ensler – The Vagina Monologues

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